Dandelion Root For Liver Health

Overview

The dandelion is an common edible flowering plant that thrives in the warmer climate of the Northern Hemisphere.¹ Extracts of its leaves, flowers and roots have been traditionally used as herbal medicine in Mexico, Asia and Northern America.² Medicinal plants, like the dandelion, have a long history of treating liver disease (LD) - a major global health problem.³

Importance of liver health and common liver health issues

Comprising 2% of your body weight, the liver is a crucial organ, with its normal functioning being critical for maintaining your overall health.⁴ Indeed, the liver supports a range of processes that support our metabolism, digestion, immunity, detoxification and vitamin storage.⁴ Common liver health problems that can impede these processes include:

• Alcohol-related liver disease (linked to regularly drinking excessive alcohol)
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (linked to obesity)
• Hepatitis (linked to viral infection or excessive alcohol consumption)
• Haemochromatosis (a genetic disease)
• Primary biliary cholangitis (linked to issues in the immune system)

Protecting your liver from disease is crucial, as symptoms of LD often do not arise until the liver is badly damaged or scarred (cirrhosis). You should seek advice from a medical professional If you develop any of the following symptoms of cirrhosis:

• Loss of appetite
• Loss of sex drive 
• Itchy skin
• Yellowed skin or whites of eyes (jaundice)
• Feeling nauseous
• Feeling tired and weak

The dandelion offers several health benefits, and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties.⁵ As such, regularly consuming medicinal plants such as dandelion root can help guard against disease by providing a rich source of vitamins, minerals and compounds to promote liver health.⁶ 

Botanical profile of dandelion

Scientific name and classification

The dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a member of the Asteraceae (daisy) family, the largest flowering plant family worldwide.⁷ Originating from Europe, it can withstand every soil type, from sea level to alpine elevations.⁶ In European countries, this yellow-flowered weed can be found in fields, meadows and lawns.¹⁰ Other common plants in this family include lettuce, chamomile artichoke and daisy.⁷ 

The dandelion plant

Different parts of the dandelion plant are used in traditional medicine and food products for their health-promoting benefits. The leaves can be added to salads due to their high nutritional content.⁶ Additionally, herbal teas can also include the leaves, flowers and roots.⁶ Extracts prepared from the flower can be made into syrup and offer anti-inflammatory properties.^6,7 Furthermore, several compounds found in the dandelion root are beneficial for your overall well-being. 

Nutritional components of dandelion root

Vitamins and minerals present in dandelion root

Dandelion is rich in a variety of nutrients that can support and maintain your hepatic health. These include phenolic acids (e.g. chicoric acid), flavonoids (e.g. quercitin) and terpines.⁶ Other nutritional components such as vitamins (A, C, E, K and B) and minerals (calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron and zinc) are also present.⁶ Inulin isolated from the dandelion root is a good source of dietary fibre and acts as a prebiotic promoting gut health.⁷ The inulin-rich root can also be consumed as a substitute for tea or coffee.¹⁰ Supporting your intestinal microbiome is vital to prevent disease and maintain your overall health. Other benefits linked to inulin include relieving depression, weight loss and reducing blood sugar.⁸ The presence of inulin highlights the dandelion root as a natural remedy for the prevention of diabetes and obesity.⁷ 

Phytochemicals in dandelion root and their health benefits

Phytochemicals found in dandelion roots have health-promoting properties. Plants produce these compounds for their protection.⁹ Caffeic acid found in the root can stimulate your immune system and has anti-oxidative properties.¹⁰ Other phytochemicals in the root include taraxasterol which is anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic.¹⁰ Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) affects patients with diabetes and can be serious if left untreated. 

Dandelion root and liver health

Importance of liver detoxification

Dandelion has a long-recorded role as a drug for detoxification since the 16th century in China.⁵ Eliminating toxins from the body is a crucial liver function that maintains your overall health. Liver detox processes include removing alcohol from the blood and any toxic by-products from the breakdown of medications.¹¹ Alcohol consumption can cause liver damage by reducing its ability to regenerate. Excessive drinking can lead to cirrhosis, scarring and failure as it is the primary site of alcohol (ethanol) metabolism.¹² Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a serious condition that can be fatal. In 2012 the World Health Organisation (WHO) recorded 3.3 million deaths as a result of ALD.¹² 

Detoxification and antioxidant properties

How dandelion root supports the liver's detoxification process

Dandelion root can help to support liver detoxification processes reducing the risk of advanced LD. Consumption of the root can decrease deficiencies in vitamin A and other minerals such as zinc, copper and magnesium often linked to patients with ALD.¹² Heavy drinking can lead to the build-up of particular molecules (reactive oxygen species or ROS) that can cause oxidative damage in the liver. Particular liver enzymes such as catalase (CAT) play a critical role in breaking down ROS to prevent liver damage.¹³ Extracts of dandelion root can reduce alcohol-induced oxidative stress and lower the risk of LD or failure.^12,13 

Antioxidant compounds in dandelion root and their effects

Oxidative stress is a major cause of liver injury.¹³ Natural antioxidants can provide many health benefits and enhance ROS removal.¹⁴ Dandelion root extract can increase the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver (e.g. CAT) reducing ROS production. Studies have shown that dandelion is rich in beta-carotene, a powerful antioxidant, which is vital for vitamin A production.¹⁵ Vitamin A is important for normal vision, the immune system and growth and development. Antioxidant compounds in dandelion are vital to protect liver function and maintain your overall health. 

Anti-inflammatory effects

Research findings on dandelion root's anti-inflammatory properties and their significance for liver health

Inflammation is a complex immune response to defend your body against injury.¹⁶ During this healing process harmful or foreign substances are removed.¹⁶ Inflammation can become chronic which can lead to disease. WHO ranks chronic inflammatory diseases as a severe threat to human health.¹⁶ Many diseases are linked to chronic inflammation including LD.¹⁶ Chronic liver disease (CLD) is defined as a decrease in liver function for more than 6 months and can lead to cirrhosis in serious cases.¹⁷ Plants in the Asteraceae family contain powerful anti-inflammatory compounds such as chlorogenic acid.⁷ Previous studies have shown the protective properties of the dandelion root in animals using chemicals to cause liver damage.¹  

Promotion of bile production

The impact of dandelion root on bile flow and its importance for liver and digestive health

Bile is an important fluid as it aids the excretion of material not removed by the kidneys and helps in the absorption and digestion of fats.⁴ Bile is secreted by a specific cell in the liver called hepatocytes.⁴ It consists mainly of water, electrolytes, bile salts, bile acids and cholesterol.⁴ Lactones found in dandelion roots stimulate digestion.¹⁰ Additionally, prebiotic inulin found in dandelion root is high in fibre and reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as constipation.¹⁸ Prebiotics are good for your digestive health as they stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.¹⁸ Consuming foods that promote bile flow such as dandelion root, can increase your liver health, aid digestion and support your overall well-being.

Clinical studies and research

Summary of key studies on dandelion root and liver health

Extensive research has provided insight into the unique properties of the dandelion root on liver health. Studies have investigated the influence of dandelion root on digestion, fat metabolism, liver protection, blood sugar regulation and obesity.¹⁰ Metabolic syndrome is caused by multiple factors including obesity, high blood sugar and fat metabolism issues.¹⁰ Dandelion root can help treat metabolic syndrome reducing the risk of developing diabetes.¹⁰ Mice fed with an inulin-rich diet (e.g. dandelion root) showed increased bile production.¹⁵ Oral administration of dandelion root in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits has shown its antioxidant effects.¹⁴ The liver protective effects of dandelion root extract have also been demonstrated in animals such as rats with acute or chronic liver failure (ACLF).³ Particular elements of the plant (e.g. polysaccharides) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, further research on the functions of the root polysaccharides would increase our knowledge of the health benefits of consuming dandelion.¹³ 

Discussion of the findings and their implications for human health

Research into dietary supplementation with medicinal plants is vital to improve CLD patient outcomes. Currently, there are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved therapies for treating ALD.¹² Liver transplantation remains the only course of action in patients with end-stage ALD.¹² Obesity can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes. Consumption of dandelion root can provide an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effect.¹³ In the Chinese Pharmacopeia, 39 prescriptions for various diseases include dandelion as the primary active ingredient.⁵ Incorporating dandelion root into your diet has numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of developing serious illnesses associated with poor liver function.

How to use dandelion root for liver health

Recommended forms of dandelion root, dosage and preparation methods 

Dandelion root can be easily incorporated into your diet in a variety of ways such as in herbal teas or purchased as a capsule for dietary supplementation.⁶ Preparation of the root involves either eating raw or cooked.⁶ It is recommended not to exceed 1-3g of the root per day.⁶ Extracts prepared from the root can be added to different food items to aid consumption or used as a tea or coffee substitute.⁶

Safety and potential side effects

Guidelines for safe consumption of dandelion root

Dandelion root is a non-toxic and edible plant part.⁶ The amounts commonly found in foods are generally considered safe for consumption.² The FDA has added dandelion to a list of safe products for people with allergies.⁶ However, those who are allergic to plants such as daisies, marigolds, ragweeds or chrysanthemums should consider caution if incorporating dandelion into your diet.² Additionally, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding please consult a healthcare professional. More research is required to establish the safety of consuming dandelion root in large amounts.  

Potential side effects and interactions with medications

Dandelion root has a diuretic effect (increases urine frequency) and may cause stomach discomfort.⁶ With dietary supplementation it is often recommended to start with small doses to ensure you do not experience any unwanted reactions. Although dandelion root is generally safe, if you are taking medication check with your healthcare provider before introducing medicinal plants into your daily routine. 

FAQs

What are the key benefits of dandelion root for liver health?

Incorporating dandelion root into your diet can aid digestion, reduce the risk of developing advanced liver disease, enhance liver detoxification and provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Can dandelion root improve liver enzyme levels?

Yes, consumption of the root can increase antioxidant liver enzymes, reduce inflammation and provide a hepatoprotective effect.

How often should I consume dandelion root for liver health?

This can vary depending on the method of consumption (tea, capsule supplement or root itself). Herbal teas are recommended as 1-2 cups daily. Please seek advice from a healthcare professional for more information. 

Are there any side effects of using dandelion root for liver health?

Dandelion root can have a diuretic effect and cause stomach discomfort. Generally, side effects are rare and small doses of this medicinal plant should prevent adverse reactions. 

Can dandelion root be used in combination with other herbs for liver support?

Other herbal medicines such as milk thistle or turmeric can aid liver support. However, a healthcare professional should be consulted prior to combining multiple herbs for liver health.

Is dandelion root safe for everyone to use for liver health?

Those with gallbladder disease or bile duct obstructions should avoid dandelion. Individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult a healthcare provider. 

Can dandelion root help with fatty liver disease?

Initial research has shown that dandelion root can reduce the accumulation of fat in the liver. 

How long does it take to see the benefits of using dandelion root for the liver?

The time taken to notice health benefits varies between individuals but usually, an improvement in digestion will be experienced within a few weeks. 

Summary

LD is a global health problem that has a long history of treatment with herbal medicine. A range of liver health problems such as ALD and non-alcoholic fatty LD can interfere with key liver functions. Dandelion is a unique plant that has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The dandelion root is rich in vitamins and other important nutrients that can protect from liver damage and severe disease. The prebiotic inulin in the root is a natural remedy for the prevention of diabetes and obesity. Consumption of dandelion root has many health-promoting benefits that can support hepatic health, and detoxification, aid digestion and reduce the risk of advanced LD. 

Liver protective effects of dandelion root have been studied in a variety of animals such as rats, mice and rabbits. However, despite previous research, there is no FDA-approved treatment for ALD except liver transplantation in end-stage patients. Raising awareness of herbal medicine is key to driving further research and encouraging a holistic approach to maintaining liver health. Individuals with allergies, pregnant, taking medication or breastfeeding should seek advice from a healthcare professional before consumption. Dandelion root is a generally well-tolerated and safe medicinal plant that can help support and maintain your liver health and overall well-being.