Introduction

An allergy is a body's reaction to something harmless, but the immune system perceives it as a threat to the body. A human can be allergic to a variety of things such as pollen, dust, food, medicines, etc. There are a variety of ways to stop the symptoms of allergy, and one of them is the use of essential oils. Studies have shown that the use of essential oils can alleviate the symptoms of allergy. Let's look at how essential oils can be used to treat allergic symptoms.

Definition of allergies

To understand the topic, firstly, we have to understand the concept of allergy. An allergy is an immune response of the body to something harmless. Allergies can be caused by pollen, medicine such as penicillin, dust, animals such as cats or dogs, and food like peanuts or milk. When an individual is allergic to an allergen, the body perceives it as a threat and overreacts, causing various symptoms. Common allergic symptoms include:

• Sneezing and runny nose
• Coughing, breathless or wheezing
• Rash or itchy skin
• Swollen eyes, lips or face

Introduction to essential oils

Definition of essential oils

Essential oils are plant extracts that are beneficial in providing therapeutic relief to humans. They have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and other properties.

Historical use of essential oils for health and wellness

Essential oils have been used for centuries to provide relief for various illnesses. Studies show that the use of essential oils began more than 2500 years ago in Middle Eastern countries, and it has been a common practice since ancient times. People in China, India, and the Middle East utilise herbs and oils in cooking, cosmetics, religious rituals, and medicines. These substances derived from the secondary metabolism of plants play an important role in defence against microorganisms, predators, and certain pollinators.^1,2

How essential oils work

Aromatherapists believe essential oils work in two ways:

1. Absorption: the oils are absorbed through the skin
2. Smelling: the scent of the oils triggers a reaction in your body

Aromatherapists think the chemicals in essential oils interact with the smell receptors in your brain, particularly in the part that controls emotions (limbic system).

The benefits of essential oils are more likely to come from both their scent and absorption through the skin. Aromatherapists also believe these oils can positively affect your mind and spirit.

How to use essential oils

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy involves using essential oils derived from plants (including flowers, herbs, or trees) for therapeutic purposes to address health issues and enhance physical, emotional, and spiritual wellness. It is an alternative medicine used to alleviate symptoms of allergy and there are various methods of administration.

Topical application

Apply the essential oil directly on the skin to produce a local effect. Massage is often used alongside topical application. It enhances therapeutic effects and relieves pain.

Inhalation

Essential oils can also be administered through inhalation. It can be done through passive diffusion such as diffusers, mist, or steam vaporisation. Direct inhalation, such as individual inhalers or team inhalation, can also be used.³

Essential oils for allergy relief

Lavender

Lavender essential oil is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. It can be used to treat symptoms of bronchial asthma. Lavender oil provides essential benefits from relaxation to skin care. It is beneficial and has anti-inflammatory as well as antiseptic properties.⁴

Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus oil has been used since civilisation for its bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune-stimulatory, antioxidant, and sedative effects. It can be used to treat allergic dermatitis. It enhances the activity of white blood cells like monocytes and macrophages, particularly boosting their ability to engulf pathogens. Whether inhaled as a vapour or taken orally, it proves beneficial for treating various respiratory conditions, such as bronchitis and asthma to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). With a long history of traditional use, it maintains a solid reputation for its safety.^5,6

Tea tree

Tea tree oil has antiseptic properties. It is effective against a range of bacterial and fungal infections. The oil is extracted from the leaves of the tea tree through steam distillation. It has a sharp odour and provides a menthol-like cooling sensation. Commonly used in topical products with a concentration of about 5 to 10%. Studies have shown that tea tree oil can reduce histamine-induced skin inflammation. Tea tree oil has been shown to reduce histamine-induced reactions in humans. Applying tea tree oil topically can reduce inflammation caused by histamine diphosphate within 10 minutes.^7,8,9

Lemon

Lemon oil has a versatile range of benefits, from enhancing mood to detoxifying properties. It has antihistamine properties and can minimise allergic symptoms. It is also rich in antioxidants.⁹

Peppermint

Peppermint oil is a versatile herb. It is commonly used in personal hygiene products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, topical application, food, and pharmaceuticals. The oil has a fresh, sharp menthol aroma and pungent taste that leaves a cooling sensation. When applied to the skin, it can soothe itching and reduce inflammation and irritation.¹⁰

Methods to use essential oils for allergies

There are a variety of ways essential oils can be used to get maximum benefits:

• Diffusion: you can diffuse essential oils. With the help of a diffuser device, mix a few drops of essential oil with water. The diffuser will release tiny oil particles into the air, allowing you to inhale them and experience the benefits. Make sure to follow the instructions properly
• The traditional method: opening the bottle and taking a deep breath of the aroma
• Steam inhalation: put a few drops of essential oil into hot water. Place your head over the bowl, put a towel over your head to trap the steam, and breathe in and out deeply
• Topical applications: apply the essential oil directly on the skin to get maximum benefits
• Ingest them: take them orally, but consult your physician before taking them because they can be harmful

Potential side effects

Essential oils are generally safe when used correctly. However, some oils can cause reactions, ranging from mild to severe. Some of these reactions are:¹¹

• Skin reactions or allergic reactions
• Increased sensitivity to sunlight if applied before sun exposure
• Discomfort if the scent reminds you of something unpleasant
• Repeated use of lavender or tea tree oil can cause hormonal effects, which may impact oestrogen levels

Always consult a qualified aromatherapist or doctor if you plan to use aromatherapy, especially if you are:

• Undergoing cancer treatment
• Pregnant
• Breastfeeding
• Trying to get pregnant
• Have epilepsy or seizures
• Have asthma
• Have kidney or liver problems

Let your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the following:

• Medications
• Herbal products
• Natural remedies

Some essential oils might interact with these drugs or therapies.

Check with a healthcare professional before:

• Using essential oils on children
• Applying oils or creams to sore, inflamed, or broken skin

In the UK, aromatherapists usually recommend inhaling essential oils or applying them to the skin.

FAQs

How should I store essential oils?

Store essential oils in a cool, dark place in a tightly sealed bottle to extend their shelf life.

Can I use essential oils alongside my allergy medication?

As essential oils can interact with medication, it is better to consult a doctor before starting them.

Can I use essential oils during pregnancy?

It is not recommended to use them during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is better to consult your doctor before taking them.

Can I make my essential oil blends for allergies?

Yes, you can create your choice of blend for allergic symptoms. Do your research for proper dilution of oils. Do consult an aromatherapist for safety.

What is the cost of essential oils?

They are costly as it depends on the rarity of the plant and the method of extraction. It can range from £5 to £100.

Summary

We can conclude that essential oil is a natural and noninvasive gift from nature to humans. It not only alleviates disease symptoms but also rejuvenates the entire body. Essential oils promote physiological, spiritual, and psychological well-being, making them beneficial for a new phase of life. This therapy is both preventive and useful in the acute and chronic stages of illness. Through major studies, it is proven to be beneficial to alleviate allergic symptoms. There is potential for essential oils to enhance the rate of reaction and bioavailability of drugs.