Overview
Camu camu (Myrciara dubia) is a super fruit native to the Amazon region and it is popularly known for its nutritious content and many health benefits. It is packed with vitamins, and minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and zinc, amino acids, fatty acids, and polyphenols. The presence of high levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) gives it a characteristically sour taste when eaten in its raw form. Several studies have explored the various health benefits of Camu Camu, including its contribution toward improving immune function, heart function, and cognitive health.1,2
Cognitive function involves the mental processes of learning, memory formation and retention, problem-solving as well as mental health. Camu Camu has been identified as a rich source of antioxidants that help reduce brain ageing, eliminate dangerous oxygen species, and contribute to the overall function of neurons in the brain.
Cognitive decline in many countries is on the rise and as such, incorporating potent super-rich fruits like Camu Camu into regular diets may prove to be a good health decision for individuals looking to improve their brain and overall health.
Key nutrients in camu camu
Camu camu contains a lot of essential nutrients and compounds needed for a healthy life. These compounds may directly or indirectly contribute to the normal functioning of various systems and organs in the body.3 The following are the key nutrients in Camu Camu:
- Vitamin C: According to researchers, one Camu Camu fruit contains up to 50 times more vitamin C per serving than an orange. Camu camu contains up to 3 grams per 3.5 oz (100 g) of vitamin C
- Minerals: Sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and copper
- Sugars: Glucose and fructose
- Amino acids: Serine and leucine
- Organic acids: Citric acid, isocitric acid, and malic acid
- Fatty acids: Predominantly stearic, linoleic, and oleic acid.
- Polyphenols: Flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, stilbenes, and lignans
- Vitamin C: High concentrations, potentially containing up to 3 grams per 3.5 oz (100 g)
- Beta-carotene
Benefits of camu camu for cognitive function and mental clarity
Current evidence from animal studies shows that Camu Camu plays an important role in slowing down age-related cognitive decline due to the presence of antioxidants.4 Antioxidants present in Camu Camu have been shown to slow down the progress of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease in animal studies. Camu Camu provides the body with an essential amino acid called serine which is needed for the formation of serotonin, the neurotransmitter responsible for enhancing mood and emotional resilience. Quercetin, an antioxidant pigment found in Camu Camu, has been shown to improve alertness, as well as memory formation and retention. The high vitamin C content in Camu Camu helps protect cells from free radical damage, supporting overall brain health.
Mechanisms of action
The mechanism of action of Camu Camu in improving cognitive function and mental clarity is linked to its antioxidant properties. Camu Camu is rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants, which can help regulate oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating important signalling pathways.5 The high antioxidant activity of Camu Camu, attributed to compounds like vitamin C, ellagic acid, quercetin, and proanthocyanidins, contributes to its neuroprotective effects1 and potential cognitive enhancement. However, more research is needed to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms by which Camu Camu exerts its cognitive benefits.
Potential side effects of camu camu
Camu Camu is generally regarded as safe, but there are some potential side effects related to its high vitamin C content. The key side effects of Camu Camu may include the following:
Digestive upset
Excessive intake of vitamin C from Camu Camu can lead to digestive issues such as diarrhoea and nausea. These symptoms usually subside once the intake of vitamin C is reduced.
Iron absorption
Vitamin C enhances iron absorption, so individuals with conditions of iron overload, like hemochromatosis, should be cautious when consuming Camu Camu.
It is important to note that vitamin C overload is rare since it is a water-soluble nutrient and not stored in the body. As with any supplement, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating Camu Camu into your diet, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or concerns.
Other health benefits of camu camu
Blood sugar regulation
Research has shown that Camu Camu may help minimize blood sugar spikes after meals high in carbohydrates, indicating a potential benefit for blood sugar control.
Blood pressure support
Test-tube and human studies suggest that Camu Camu may aid in reducing blood pressure by promoting blood vessel dilation, although further research is necessary to confirm these effects.
Skin health
Vitamin C in Camu Camu promotes collagen production, which can improve skin appearance by enhancing elasticity and reducing signs of ageing like fine lines and dullness.
Weight management
Animal studies indicate that Camu Camu may help reduce body weight by increasing calorie burning, although more research is needed to confirm this effect in humans.
Summary
Although research is in the early stages, initial findings suggest a link between Camu Camu consumption and improved cognitive abilities, including sharper memory and better focus. The fruit’s high antioxidant content is believed to play a crucial role in this aspect, potentially offering protection against oxidative stress and inflammation, which can affect brain health. Further investigation into how Camu Camu exerts these benefits could pave the way for new strategies in maintaining cognitive health and preventing decline.
References
- Azevêdo JCS, Borges KC, Genovese MI, Correia RTP, Vattem DA. Neuroprotective effects of dried camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia hbk mcvaugh) residue in C. elegans. Food ResInt.[Internet] 2015 [cited 23 February 2024];73:135-41. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996915000769
- da Silva FC, Arruda A, Ledel A, Dauth C, Romão NF, Viana RN, et al. Antigenotoxic effect of acute, subacute and chronic treatments with Amazonian camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) juice on mice blood cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2012;50(7):2275-81.
- Akter MstS, Oh S, Eun JB, Ahmed M. Nutritional compositions and health promoting phytochemicals of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) fruit: A review. Food Research Int.ernational [Internet]. 2011 Aug 1 [cited 2024 23 February 23 2024];44(7):1728-–32. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996911002043
- Langley PC, Pergolizzi JV, Taylor R, Ridgway C. Antioxidant and associated capacities of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia): a systematic review. J Altern Complement Med. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 23 February 2024];21(1):8-14. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296744/
- Yazawa K, Suga K, Honma A, Shirosaki M, Koyama T. Anti-inflammatory effects of seeds of the tropical fruit camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol . 2011;57(1):104-7.