Introduction^1,2

Polio is a serious infection caused by the poliovirus, primarily affecting children under the age of five. The virus is transmitted from person to person, mainly through the faecal-oral route or contaminated food and water. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the incidence of poliovirus has significantly decreased by over 99% since 1988, dropping from an estimated 350,000 cases to just 6 reported cases in 2021 across more than 125 endemic countries. In the UK, there have been no confirmed cases of polio paralysis since 1984. Although traces of the poliovirus have recently been detected in London, the overall risk of infection remains very low.

Importance of vaccination

There are three types of wild poliovirus: types 1, 2, and 3. Type 2 was eradicated in 1999, and type 3 in 2020. However, as of 2022, type 1 poliovirus still exists in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing polio and is essential for eradication. In the UK, the polio vaccine is included in the NHS routine childhood vaccination schedule.

Long-term effects of polio

Polio can result in long-term complications. Some individuals become permanently paralysed, while others may require long-term treatment and support. These complications include:

• Muscle weakness
• Joint problems
• Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia).

Some people may also experience a resurgence (reappearance) or worsening of symptoms decades later, a condition known as post-polio syndrome.

Identifying support service³

As we hardly find any polio cases nowadays, we often overlook the unique challenges faced by polio survivors. The journey towards reclaiming their independence and quality of life can be complex but inspiring. The support services are vital to those who have navigated the physical and emotional aftermath of this disease. By connecting survivors with tailored resources, which range from rehabilitation programs and assistive technologies to community support networks, we can empower individuals to overcome barriers, rediscover their strengths, and lead fulfilling lives where every survivor can hopefully thrive.

Medical support

Currently, there is no effective antiviral treatment for polio or post-polio syndrome. Management focuses on supportive care, including:

• Medication for fever and discomfort
• Prevention and treatment of respiratory infections
• Mechanical ventilation for respiratory paralysis, if required
• Use of splints by physiotherapists to reduce pain and prevent deformities
• Orthopaedic surgery to assist with mobility and correct deformities
• Ongoing rehabilitation, counselling, exercise, and support groups

Finding support services and resources^4,5

Many people who are affected with Polio caught the virus during the pandemics of the 30s,40s and 50s; there is also a growing number of UK residents who caught it abroad. Most individuals affected by polio contracted the virus as children, and those who survived often faced varying degrees of disability, relying on wheelchairs or braces for mobility and independence. Many also experienced respiratory and heart complications, resulting in significantly reduced lung capacity. It is important for them to be able to find support groups and resources locally or online to help them navigate the unique challenges they face. Polio survivors often encounter ongoing health issues and require assistance in managing their daily lives. Accessing support groups and resources, whether through local organisations or online communities, can provide meaningful connections, information, and encouragement for the survivors to ensure that they receive the care and understanding they need to thrive in their communities. 

Finding support services and resources for polio survivors and their families can be approached in several ways:

• You can reach out to your local health department or public health services. In this case, you should contact your GP for any inquiries related to polio. They can provide information, leaflets, and booklets, as well as details about local organisations and support groups. Additionally, ask about available screenings, vaccinations, health assessments, counselling services, and rehabilitation programs in your area
• There are many charities that support people with certain conditions, including Polio 

Here are some lists of helpful organisations that Polio survivors and their families can have a look at:

1. British Polio Fellowship
2. End Polio Now, Rotary International
3. European Polio Union
4. Polio Network
5. Polio Survivors Ireland
6. Scottish Post Polio Network

One of the leading charities that focuses on supporting those who are affected by Polio and Post Polio Syndrome in the UK is the British Polio Fellowship. Polio survivors or their families can contact their number or visit their website to find various information related to their illness, such as informative literature, advice, guidance, free helpline service, support, grants, as well as to connect with others with the same condition or survivors. 

Family strategies^6,7

Supporting a family member who is a polio survivor requires understanding and adaptability. Families play a very important role in helping survivors to navigate the challenges related to their condition, from managing physical limitations to addressing emotional needs. Effective strategies can include open communication, encouraging independence, and seeking out resources that promote both physical and emotional well-being. 

As family members become more disabled, they may feel increasingly isolated from the world, even from their loved ones and friends. They might also struggle to attend social functions or engage in activities. Others may be unsure how to interact with someone with a disability, and cognitive changes can further complicate communication. It is crucial to support loved ones in maintaining and building relationships to enhance their quality of life. Offer assistance with transportation, encourage visits from friends and family, and help them connect through phone or online communication. Local senior centres often provide activities and transportation, while support groups can reduce feelings of isolation. For relationships to thrive, both individuals must accept the reality of the disability, focusing on what can be done rather than what cannot.

Here are some suggestions on how to maintain a healthy relationship:

• Accept yourself and your family member that he or she is probably not going to change at this time of life
• Communicate clearly with each other
• Be genuinely invested in each other's growth and happiness
• Understanding and being realistic about each other's expectations
• Be open and adaptable when facing new challenges
• Allow each other space and time to be apart or enjoy their own chosen activities or interests

By creating a supportive environment, families can empower polio survivors to lead fulfilling lives while coping with the long-term effects of the virus.

It is also essential for the caregivers to recognise their needs and feelings as caring roles are often challenging and mentally exhausting. 

Those organisations listed above are also offering support for families to ease their caring role, such as: 

• Finding ways to reduce caring hours
• Help you spend time doing things you enjoy or get time to yourself
• Balance social responsibilities and family commitments
• Develop a plan for emergency situations
• Balance employment, education and training with caring
• Get benefits advice or help to manage finances
• Provide information, clarification, signposting and explanation of options

Summary

Polio survivors and their families often face challenging social situations and may feel isolated, especially if they do not know others in similar circumstances. Accessing a variety of support services and resources, whether locally or online, can surely improve and make their lives more meaningful. Connecting with others who share similar experiences empowers them to find support groups, exchange valuable information about accessing medical care, financial assistance, and psychological support, and learn how to educate others about their condition, as well as promoting independence.