Overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition that impacts the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The brain and the spinal cord are mostly affected.¹

While there is no cure for MS, there are ways to manage symptoms and find relief. Recent research shows that cannabis in small doses can serve as a complementary way to ease symptoms. 

What is multiple sclerosis (MS)

MS is an autoimmune condition where the immune system incorrectly attacks myelin cells. These cells form a protective cover around the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. When the immune system attacks myelin cells, the protective boundary they offer to nerves weakens, and the nerve’s ability to send signals is susceptible to damage.²

Symptoms of MS arise as a result of this nerve damage, and can include:

• Blurred vision, often accompanied by eye pain
• Fatigue
• Numbness in the body’s extremities
• Problems with balance and coordination
• Muscle stiffness and/or muscle cramps
• Overactive, uncontrollable bladder
• Memory and/or concentration difficulty
• Sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction or vaginal dryness)¹

The exact causes of MS are not fully understood, but it is believed that the condition results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune-related factors. 

There is no cure for MS, and depending on how the condition manifests in each individual, treatment may include:

1. Steroid medication
2. Muscle relaxants
3. Physiotherapy
4. Mobility aids (such as walking sticks and wheelchairs)
5. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)¹

Cannabis and its medicinal benefits 

Cannabis is a plant originating from continental Asia. The most widely known species are Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa. Both plant species are composed of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), in different compositions within each plant. These active compounds act on the endocannabinoid system and produce a number of different effects in the body. 

THC is a psychoactive component and can produce a “high” feeling. Users report that THC relieves pain, reduces nausea, and relaxes muscles. On the other hand, it can also cause side effects such as anxiety, dry mouth, or impaired coordination. 

CBD does not cause a “high” state and instead is often used for its calming properties. It may help manage anxiety, chronic pain, and seizures, without causing a high. In fact, CBD can even counteract some of THC’s effects. Many therapeutic cannabis products combine THC and CBD in various ratios to target specific symptoms while minimising unwanted side effects.³

Dating many centuries back, many plants have been used for medicinal purposes, including cannabis species. In the 21st century, cannabis species are illegal to use in most countries due to the risk of dependence and high abuse. Additionally, there are concerns regarding safe administration, packaging, and intoxication.⁴

Despite the limited clinical data supporting the use of cannabis as a medicinal tool, there is an increasing acceptance of its potential therapeutic benefits, particularly for managing chronic conditions such as pain, anxiety, and neurological disorders like MS.

How cannabis may help with MS symptoms

People living with MS can experience many symptoms that may interfere with their daily lives.

While cannabis is not a cure, it can serve as a temporary relief from symptoms. In particular, cannabis can help with:

Pain and spasticity

The majority of people dealing with MS report chronic nerve pain and muscle spasticity. The active compounds in cannabis, such as THC and CBD, interact with the nervous system and may reduce pain, as well as the intensity and frequency of muscle spasms.

Sleep and fatigue 

Poor sleep quality is among the most common symptoms in MS. Administration of CBD can contribute to improved sleep quality by helping users fall asleep more easily and stay asleep longer. Overall, better sleep allows for increased energy levels throughout the day.

Mood and anxiety

Navigating life with MS can be challenging, and it can take a toll on mental health at times. Anxiety, depression, and mood swings are common consequences. Controlled use of CBD can help ease anxiety. Additionally, controlled usage of THC can boost mood and reduce the impact of stress.⁴

Why microdosing?

Medicinal cannabis should be carefully tailored to meet each individual’s needs. The goal is to relieve symptoms with minimal to no side effects. Finding the right balance is important, as incorrect dosing may lead to unwanted effects such as drowsiness, paranoia, or cognitive impairment.

Common cannabis administration methods include inhalation via smoking or vaporisation and ingestion of edible products. Each of these methods impacts the onset, intensity, and duration of the cannabis effects. 

Finding the right amount and administration method will allow for consistent symptom management while minimising the risk of unwanted effects. 

What science says

In ancient medicine, cannabis species have been used as a remedy for many conditions. It was in the 19th century that scientists first began to conduct studies investigating its potential therapeutic effects. 

Nowadays, cannabis is being studied for the management of many conditions, including chronic pain, MS, epilepsy, anxiety, and more. Research is still ongoing, and while clinical data are still limited, there are a few studies suggesting that cannabis does help with MS-related symptoms.^5,6

Future research looks promising, and we can hopefully expect more robust clinical trials exploring the benefits of cannabis, especially in the context of microdosing.

Things to consider before trying

Before using cannabis to manage MS-related symptoms, there are a few important things to keep in mind:

1. Talk to Your Healthcare Provider

Always consult your neurologist or doctor first. They can help assess whether cannabis is safe for your condition, review potential interactions with your current medications, and guide you on appropriate dosing or product types.

2. Understand the Legal Status

Cannabis laws vary widely depending on your country. Make sure you understand what is legal in your area, including medical use.

3. Understand what Product You Need 

THC and CBD can give you a different experience. Understand what it is that helps you manage MS symptoms, and choose the product wisely. Lab-tested products from reputable sources are safer, as they are most often designed for medicinal rather than recreational use. 

4.  Prepare for Possible Side Effects 

Your body and mind may take a while to understand how to react to the effects of cannabis. Symptoms such as dizziness, dry mouth, fatigue, mood changes, or short-term memory issues can occur, especially when high-THC products are consumed. It is crucial to get the dose right so cannabis can help you, not hinder you. If you are new to cannabis, it is best to start with a low dose and progressively increase slowly if needed until you find the right balance for you. 

5. Cannabis Is Not a Cure

Cannabis may help relieve certain symptoms of MS, but it won’t cure or stop the progression of the condition. It should be considered one part of a broader treatment plan that includes medication, lifestyle changes, and medical monitoring.

Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition that affects the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system. The immune system mistakenly attacks myelin cells surrounding nerves, leading to disrupted nerve signalling and neurological symptoms. Common symptoms include eye pain, muscle spasms, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and anxiety. There is currently no cure for MS, and management methods focus on steroid medication, physiotherapy, and muscle relaxants. While these methods can help cope with MS symptoms, emerging research shows that microdosing cannabis may help manage symptoms more efficiently for some individuals. The active compounds found in cannabis, particularly THC and CBD, have the potential to reduce anxiety and the intensity and frequency of muscle spasms, providing greater overall comfort. 

Anyone considering exploring cannabis as a complementary method to manage MS symptoms should first consult with their healthcare provider. It is important to understand your case and what the right product, dosage, and method of use are in order to achieve relief with minimal side effects. 

FAQs

Does cannabis help MS symptoms?

The active components in cannabis plants, such as THC and CBD, can provide temporary relief from MS symptoms, including pain, sleep disturbances, and muscle spasms. 

What kind of cannabis is good for MS?

The active compounds in cannabis, THC and CBD, react differently with the body and produce different effects. Ideally, a product with a balanced CBD-to-THC ratio is preferred, as it may offer symptom relief with a balanced effect and reduced psychoactive effects.

What do THC and CBD do to the body?

Cannabis affects the brain and nervous system. In particular, THC binds to receptors in the brain and can cause a “high” state. This state is often accompanied by a euphoric feeling, altered perception and increased relaxation. On the other hand, CBD has more neutral effects on the body and mind, and it does not cause a “high”. Instead, it calms the mind and reduces anxiety levels. When CBD and THC are administered in a 1:1 ratio, CBD can balance THC effects.