Introduction

In the last few years, modern dentistry has transformed remarkably, primarily because of advanced technologies that improve both diagnostic accuracy and treatment processes, contributing to excellent patient care.

Innovations in dentistry, from developing digital tools and 3D imaging to deploying artificial intelligence (AI) and tele-dentistry, are not only making dental procedures easier but also changing the patient experience for the better. This article discusses modern innovations in dentistry that connect technology with patient care as well as explores developments in diagnostics, treatment approaches, patient experiences, and associated challenges.

Technological advancements in diagnosis

One of the most important ways that technology has played in the field of dentistry is within diagnostics. Hence, traditional diagnostic methods like physical observation and 2D X-rays are now being dramatically transformed by technology.

Digital X-rays

Digital X-ray imaging represents one of the most important advancements in dental imaging.

Unlike a traditional film-based X-ray which requires the image to be developed from film in a processing tank, a digital X-ray accommodates a sensor that takes the image directly and then transfers the image to a computer. It enables immediate viewing of the image on a computer and improves diagnosis accuracy. Additionally, digital X-rays reduce the dose of radiation that patients are subjected to compared to traditional X-rays.¹

3D Imaging and CBCT

Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and other 3D imaging techniques have drastically changed the way dentists view and diagnose dental structures in 3D.

CBCT uses a rotating cone-shaped X-ray that captures volumetric images of smiles, teeth, the jaw, and surrounding soft tissue in 3D. These high-definition volumetric images allow dentists to make more accurate diagnoses, which can help in creating a personalised treatment plan for the patient. CBCT can also aid in determining the placement of treatment appliances like implants in complex cases such as when implants need to be placed in conjunction with other implants, impacted teeth, or TMJ disorders.² 

In addition, CBCT provides proximal views of the anatomy affecting treatment in a more comprehensive way, which improves the accuracy of procedures and thus reduces complications.²

Artificial intelligence in diagnostics

The incorporation of AI within dental diagnostics is another notable advancement. 

More dental practitioners are utilising the AI algorithm that can assess dental X-rays and related scans to help practitioners detect problem areas that may not be easily visible to the human eye.³

AI has begun to support the early identification of conditions including cavities, gum disease, and oral cancer, which improves patient outcomes and may potentially save lives by identifying these conditions earlier than normal. AI systems can also learn from historical data, increasing accuracy over time to become invaluable support to dental care providers.³

Innovative treatment techniques

Technological developments do not stop with diagnosis, as these innovations have helped to improve treatment modalities and greatly increase efficiency, minimize invasiveness, and improve precision for patient care.

Laser dentistry

Laser technology has opened up a new realm of minimally invasive treatment approaches in dentistry. The use of lasers has become common in surgical procedures for soft tissues, cavity removals, tooth whitening, and treating gum disease.⁴

The use of laser technology ensures precision, thus the benefits include reduced bleeding and pain, and improved healing rates. For treatments that require gum reshaping or decay removal from a tooth, the use of lasers for treatment will target only non-healthy tissue and leave surrounding tissues unharmed, making the laser useful as a less invasive treatment option.⁵

Robotic-assisted surgery

Robotic-assisted surgery also represents a recent advancement in options for the delivery of dental treatment.

Robots allow a level of precision in surgical techniques that is unmatched, especially in the areas of implant surgery and complex extractions. By using a robotic arm that is directed by intra-oral scanning, the dentist can perform very precise surgical techniques and reduce human error. This is particularly important when placing dental implants, where the placement precision can lead to long-term success.⁶ Robots enhance precision, but they may also limit patient discomfort and chair time, resulting in a better overall patient experience.

3D Printing

3D printing technology has made an enormous impact on the delivery of dental care, specifically in the delivery of custom dental devices.

A dentist can now produce custom crowns, bridges, partials, dentures, and even custom dental implants in a short period of time, thereby eliminating lengthy waiting periods for patient treatment. 3D printing allows for accuracy in creating custom appliances that fit the patient's dental anatomy. This technology has extended into the area of creating orthodontic devices, specifically aligners.⁷

Enhancing the patient experience

Tele-dentistry

Having been extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic, Tele-dentistry is quickly gaining ground as it allows patients to remotely access their dentist for their dental needs.⁸

Patients can engage with a dentist via a video call to discuss their concerns, receive a preliminary assessment, and recommendations for follow-up treatments. Tele-dentistry is particularly advantageous for patients living in rural or underserved populations (known as dental deserts), where dental access is limited.⁹

Tele-dentistry also enables post-treatment evaluation of follow-up appointments, allowing dentists to evaluate a patient’s recovery while not having to see the patient in person. This tele-dentistry technology enhances patients' ability to access care, which is especially helpful for patients who are disabled or have busy schedules.⁸

Virtual reality for pain management

Virtual reality (VR) is finding an exciting space in dentistry as a technique for managing pain and anxiety.

Patients who are fearful or anxious when undergoing a dental procedure can use a VR headset to immerse themselves in a calming, virtual world that provides an opportunity for relaxation during the procedure. It has been shown in studies that certain forms of VR can reduce perceived pain and discomfort, particularly in children and patients with dental phobia.¹⁰ VR allows patients to escape with a distraction and therefore many patients are less likely to need sedation or general anesthesia.

Patient-centered technologies

Patients are also being empowered to take responsibility for their oral health through advancements in technology, such as smart toothbrushes, which use sensors to measure brushing frequency and technique. Some of these smart toothbrushes have even been adapted for mobile tracking for patients to track their oral health in real-time.¹¹

The latest trend in dental technology promotes preventative care and good oral health habits. Better dental hygiene habits reduce the likelihood of developing dental conditions, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. If patients are managing their oral health through an app, the app may even provide health professionals with alerts to track patients' daily habits.¹¹

Improved treatment outcomes and efficiency

The implementation of innovative technology has greatly increased the efficiency of most dental procedures by reducing the time it takes to provide treatment, while improving accuracy and outcomes. 

Minimally invasive procedures

Modern dental technology has led to fewer invasive procedures. Laser dentistry and air abrasion systems provide dentists with the ability to target decay and remove it without using a drill that can be loud and painful. Instead of resulting in a long recovery period with significant discomfort, these technological improvements provide shorter recovery times and complications.⁴

In addition, advances in digital impressions and same-day crowns eliminate the need for multiple visits to the dentist, saving both time and effort for patients.⁴

AI and data analytics

AI and machine learning are improving the decision-making processes in the field of dentistry, employing large amounts of patient information to construct individualised treatment options.

By managing data from digital X-rays, medical history, and even genomic details, AI can anticipate dental disease and suggest preventative interventions before a patient develops any symptoms of their predisposed condition, which improves patient outcomes.¹²

Robotics and automation

Robotics has enhanced dental surgeries, as many repetitive components of a dental service can now be automated. Robotics are also employed in complex procedures - for example, during a dental implant surgery, robotic systems can produce an accurate guide that marks the position for the dentist to minister the implant, reducing the potential for complications and improving outcomes.⁶

Automation improves practice efficiency and relieves staff from trivial or routine tasks, including sterilising instruments or managing and preparing patient records for the service, allowing dental professionals to direct more attention to patient care.

Challenges and considerations

Although technological advances in dentistry have provided advantages, including more precise information, they have drawbacks as well.

Many new technologies are expensive for both patients and practices. Many high-tech items like a CBCT machine or a surgery robot require costly purchases that may be out of reach for some practices. Continuing education to learn new technologies or become adept at using them requires time and money for practitioners.²

Furthermore, there is the even greater issue of maintaining the human aspect of patient interactions, as technology can never deliver the same level of empathy and personal care that patients seek from their dental providers.¹³

Summary

The field of modern dentistry has experienced a resurgence through the addition of technological innovations geared toward improving diagnostic precision, treatment efficiencies, and patient experiences. Some recent developments in dentistry encompass the utilisation of digital X-rays, three-dimensional (3D) imaging, and even artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance diagnostic outcomes. Furthermore, there is now the usage of laser dentistry techniques and robotics that have made dental treatment options more efficient and precise. Digital technology and 3D printing have also allowed for personalised dental devices. Patients can engage with their dental clinicians through tele-dentistry and virtual reality apps to alleviate anxiety problems. Recent developments and/or improved technologies have yielded positive treatment improvements related to outcomes. Specifically, AI can support personalised treatment plans and the incorporation of minimally invasive procedures and technologies to shorten recovery times. Unlike bright shiny toys, new technology requires costs associated with adaption as well as training for all levels of dental staff. Nevertheless, technological advances in dentistry will allow enhanced workflows and greatly improve access to patient-centered care delivery.