Moringa's Use In Traditional Medicine

Overview

Moringa is widely known to be a medicinal plant with several health benefits, from its nutritional richness to its healing properties. Whether you're curious about natural remedies or seeking to enhance your health, moringa offers a holistic approach to wellness rooted in tradition and science. Regardless of what you might already know about this plant, read on to learn about the different parts of the moringa tree used in traditional medicine, how moringa can be consumed in different forms, and important considerations for safe use.

What is moringa?

Moringa is an herbal plant also referred to as the “miracle tree” due to its diverse nutritional and medicinal properties. It is from a family of plants known as Moringaceae with 13 known species, of which Moringa Oleifera is the most widely known.¹ Moringa plant is thought to be drought resistant and it is cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kenya, Somalia, and Nigeria.²

The Moringa tree is characterised by its long, slender green leaves, drumstick-shaped pods, and white flowers. Every part of the Moringa tree, including the leaves, seeds, pods, and roots, is utilised for various purposes, including culinary, medicinal, and industrial applications.²

Moringa pods and Moringa leaves. credit: pixabay

How is moringa used in traditional medicine?

Moringa is utilised in traditional medicine practices across various cultures, with different parts of the moringa plant used for their medicinal properties:

Leaves

The leaves of the moringa tree are one of the most commonly used parts in traditional medicine. They are rich in several nutrients and bioactive compounds, making them valuable for promoting health and treating ailments such as inflammation, malnutrition, diarrhoea and diabetes.³

Seeds

Moringa seeds contain potent antioxidant compounds and have been traditionally used for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. They are often used to purify water, treat skin infections, and support digestive health.^4,5

Roots

The roots of the moringa tree are utilised in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial properties, particularly as a remedy for digestive issues, including diarrhoea and constipation.⁴ However, it's important to note that the root extract may have negative effects (such as abortive and antifertility) in high doses and should be used cautiously.⁶

Pods

The pods of the moringa tree are also consumed and used in traditional medicine. They are rich in vitamins and minerals and are valued for their ability to promote digestion and regulate blood sugar levels.⁴

Moringa can be consumed in various forms in order to enjoy its medicinal benefits:

Teas

Moringa leaves can be dried and brewed into tea, allowing for easy consumption and absorption of its nutrients and bioactive compounds.³

Powders

Moringa leaves are commonly dried and ground into a fine powder, which can be added to smoothies, juices, soups, or sprinkled onto food. Moringa powder is a convenient way to incorporate the nutritional and medicinal benefits of moringa into one's diet.⁷

Other moringa extracts, such as oil or tinctures, are also available and may contain concentrated amounts of bioactive compounds found in the moringa plant. These can be used as a part of your diet or applied directly to the skin for various health purposes.⁷

Nutritional content of moringa

Before discussing the health benefits of moringa, let's explore the nutritional contents of this special plant. Moringa is rich in various nutrients, with nearly every part of the plant offering a rich array of essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Below is an overview of the key nutritional components found in moringa: 

Vitamins

Moringa leaves are particularly abundant in vitamins, notably vitamin A, vitamin B (B1, B2, B3), vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E.³ Vitamin A is essential for vision health, immune function, and skin integrity, while vitamin C acts as a powerful antioxidant, supporting immune function and collagen production.⁴

Minerals

Moringa is a significant source of minerals such as calcium, potassium, iron, and magnesium.³ Dried moringa leaves contain a higher amount of calcium than milk.⁴ Calcium is essential for bone health and muscle function, while potassium helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. Iron is vital for oxygen transport in the blood, and magnesium supports muscle and nerve function, as well as bone health.

Proteins

Moringa leaves contain all nine essential amino acids, making them a complete protein source.⁴ Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various physiological functions, including muscle repair and immune system support.

Antioxidants

Moringa is rich in antioxidants, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and beta-carotene.^3,4 These compounds help neutralise harmful free radicals in the body, protecting cells from oxidative damage and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.

Fibre

Moringa leaves and pods are high in dietary fibre, which supports digestive health by promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.⁵ Fibre also helps regulate blood sugar levels and may aid in weight management by promoting a feeling of fullness.

Fatty acids

Moringa seeds contain beneficial fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are essential for brain health, cardiovascular function, and inflammation regulation.^4,5

What are the health benefits of moringa in traditional medicine?

Historically, the use of moringa in traditional medicine dates back thousands of years and is found in several traditional medicinal practices. In India's Ayurvedic medicine, moringa is used in the prevention of numerous ailments, up to three hundred of them.¹ Similarly, in traditional African medicine, moringa leaves have been used to manage a number of health conditions including malaria, arthritis and hypertension.¹ In ancient Egypt, moringa oil was known for its cosmetic benefits in skincare.² Below are some of the ailments that moringa has been used to manage.

Inflammation

Moringa's anti-inflammatory properties make it a popular remedy for conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, and inflammatory bowel diseases.⁵ Several studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of different parts of the moringa plant, including the leaves, flowers, pods, bark and seed.⁶

Diabetes

Studies suggest that moringa leaves may help reduce blood sugar levels, making it beneficial for individuals with diabetes or those at risk of developing the condition.⁶

Hypertension

Moringa's hypotensive effects may aid in lowering high blood pressure, reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications. This effect is attributable to a substance known as nitrile glycoside found in the moringa leaves.⁷

Skin disorders

Moringa oil or paste used directly on the skin, is thought to promote wound healing and relieve skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and psoriasis.

Anaemia

The iron content in moringa leaves makes it valuable in treating anaemia and supporting red blood cell production.

Respiratory conditions 

Moringa leaves and seeds are used traditionally to alleviate symptoms of respiratory ailments like asthma, bronchitis, and coughs. Studies have shown that the seed kernel of the moringa plant helps to reduce respiratory symptoms.⁷

Are there any potential risks associated with using moringa in traditional medicine?

While moringa offers numerous health benefits and is generally considered to be safe, it's essential to be aware of certain risks associated with its use:

Blood sugar regulation

Moringa may lower blood sugar levels, which can be beneficial for individuals with diabetes. However, those taking medications to regulate blood sugar should monitor their levels closely when incorporating moringa into their diet, as it may enhance the effects of these medications and lead to hypoglycemia.⁴

Pregnancy and breast-feeding 

While moringa is generally considered safe when consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet, pregnant and breastfeeding women should exercise caution. Moringa roots and bark are known to have abortive and antifertility effects.^6,7 There is also limited research on the safety of moringa during pregnancy and lactation, so it's advisable to consult with a dietician before using moringa supplements or extracts. 

Drug interactions

Moringa may interact with certain medications, including thyroid and high blood pressure.⁴ If you're taking any prescription medications, it's important to discuss the use of moringa with your doctor to prevent potential interactions or adverse effects.

Allergic reactions

While rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to moringa.⁸ Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include itching, hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If you experience any of these symptoms after consuming moringa, discontinue use and seek urgent medical attention.

Summary

Moringa, also known as the "miracle tree", holds a significant place in traditional medicine across cultures for its rich nutritional content and diverse medicinal properties. This article explores the various uses of moringa in traditional medicine, highlighting its benefits, and potential risks. From managing inflammation and diabetes to promoting overall well-being, moringa offers a natural approach to improving health. However, it's crucial to be aware of potential side effects, drug interactions, and considerations for specific populations, such as pregnant women and individuals with certain medical conditions. By understanding how to safely incorporate moringa into one's diet and healthcare regimen, individuals can harness its therapeutic potential while minimising risks.