Optimal Tooth Brushing For Sensitive Teeth

When it comes to sensitive teeth, optimal tooth brushing may be the most important factor in the prevention of any struggles that follow. By understanding the nature of tooth sensitivity, the importance of picking the correct toothbrush and toothpaste, and even knowing how to use these ‘tools’, you may see a drastic improvement in your oral hygiene. This may lead to not only a reduction, or at the very minimum, the management of tooth sensitivity, but also an improvement in life quality.

This article will explore the things to consider when faced with sensitive teeth, such as the optimal ways of brushing your teeth.

Introduction

Tooth sensitivity is described as being the result of worn tooth enamel, worn fillings, or the exposure of tooth roots. These can occur as a result of aggressive teeth brushing, which can lead to gum recession or periodontal gum disease. Tooth sensitivity can be anything from mild annoyance to severe discomfort, hence the importance of proper oral care for sensitive teeth. Studies have demonstrated that dentinal hypersensitivity affects approximately 10-30% of the population. This suggests that a very large number of people may benefit from the understanding of tooth brushing techniques to prevent further tooth damage.

Additionally, hypersensitivity may affect an individual’s day-to-day activities due to its associated pain, which can occur at varying degrees. Therefore, this article will explore the optimal tooth-brushing techniques for individuals with sensitive teeth.

Understanding tooth sensitivity

Causes of tooth sensitivity can be due to gum recession, enamel erosion, and dentin exposure.

Receding gums

Those with gum recession tend to experience tooth sensitivity as tooth roots are covered with cementum rather than protective enamel. Hence, fluoride varnish can be used to combat any dysfunction that is experienced as a result of gum recession.

Enamel erosion

The loss of the protective enamel can result in the exposure of sensitive dentine under the enamel coating. This can result in tooth sensitivity, especially when exposed to particularly cold or hot drinks.

Dentin exposure

Exposed dentin can lead to dentin hypersensitivity. It has been thought that this occurs as a result of chemical, tactile, thermal or osmotic stimuli that are not associated with any other kind of dental defect.¹ Lots of teeth sensitivity cases are attributed to dentin exposure. Dentin tubules are protected by a layer of enamel, but when this enamel is removed, the exposure of these tubules can lead to extreme sensitivity.³ Dentin exposure can also be the result of gingival recession from aggressive toothbrushing, abrasive toothpastes, and periodontal disease. Therefore, by preventing gingival recession, you may be able to prevent dentinal hypersensitivity. 

Impact of sensitivity on oral health

Tooth sensitivity can lead to an increased susceptibility to oral decay, as well as discomfort and pain when eating and drinking (sensitivity to hot and cold foods may be a sign that a tooth filling is required). In rare cases, this may even impact an individual’s breathing. Patients with sensitive teeth have reported a substantial oral health-related quality of life impairment, measured using a questionnaire.² This demonstrates the importance of oral hygiene in the prevention of tooth sensitivity and potential oral disease. Additionally, to determine the intensity of tooth sensitivity, clinical examinations are another method that may be used alongside asking patients directly.

The role of toothbrush selection

Choosing the correct toothbrush is of extreme importance when it comes to oral care. After all, you will be (hopefully) using this toothbrush twice a day, at the very minimum. 

Firstly, it is recommended that you choose a toothbrush with soft bristles. This will minimise any abrasive effects a rougher toothbrush may have on enamel. Additionally, a soft-bristled toothbrush may reduce irritation to sensitive gum tissues. Too much pressure can harm teeth and/or gums, hence the need for soft bristle toothbrushes, preferably with multi-layer bristles.

Secondly, if possible, it is recommended that you invest in an electric toothbrush. These can have built-in automatic timers for optimal brushing duration. Oscillating toothbrushes have a lower power than sonic toothbrushes, but have the benefit of removing plaque due to their high power, as well as their rotating features. Conversely, sonic toothbrushes may be more effective as a result of their vibrations.

Importance of toothpaste for sensitivity

It’s important that you select your toothpaste of choice with care. Toothpaste can contain desensitising agents which will ultimately aid in the management of any tooth sensitivity.

Toothpaste can contain potassium nitrate and is said to play a role in the relief of tooth sensitivity, with the added benefits of being able to remove surface stains of a whitening toothpaste. Potassium nitrate can be found to be naturally occurring in cabbage, celery, and spinach. Serious allergic reactions are rare, but caution must always be taken in the event of any worrying symptoms.

Fluoride content has also been described as playing a role in the strengthening of enamel, and may help prevent tooth decay via the strengthening of enamel in the prevention of tooth cavities. The most effective toothpastes are said to be those containing 1350 - 1500 ppm fluoride.

Avoiding abrasive toothpaste ingredients

Toothpaste can contain abrasives as they may be of use in the removal of teeth stains and debris. Examples of abrasives include aluminium oxide and calcium pyrophosphate. However, in the context of sensitive teeth, abrasive ingredients may cause more harm than good. Hence, it may be wiser to opt for a toothpaste that is designed for sensitive teeth, such as some Colgate toothpaste, Corsodyl, or Sensodyne. However, it is important that you confer with a dental professional for advice on the best toothpaste to help combat or simply manage your teeth.

Optimal tooth brushing techniques

Now that you’ve considered the importance of choosing the correct toothbrush and toothpaste, it’s time to consider the actual brushing! Optimal tooth-brushing techniques may play a huge role in the prevention of sensitive teeth.

Firstly, it is important that you brush your teeth with a gentle brushing motion. Secondly, it is important that you avoid back-and-forth strokes, as these can lead to receding gums, resulting in an exposed and sensitive root surface - something you want to avoid if you already have sensitive teeth. Therefore, you may wish to opt to use a circular motion instead, whereby you are brushing only a small number of teeth at any given moment. The toothbrush should be angled towards the gums, where they meet the teeth, as this is where plaque often collects.

Additionally, it is crucial that you minimise pressure on sensitive areas, and that you pay attention to your teeth brushing duration. A two-minute duration is recommended, as over-brushing can result in enamel wear. Aggressive tooth brushing is described as the use of excessive force with a hard-bristled toothbrush, and must therefore be avoided. However, it has been argued that anatomical predisposition and abrasive toothpaste may also be co-contributors to tooth sensitivity with aggressive tooth brushing.³ Nonetheless, both should be avoided to avoid any potential damage.

It is recommended that you divide the two-minute duration spent on brushing teeth among the lower left, lower right, upper left, and upper right teeth, accommodating around thirty seconds per section.

Finally, must address all tooth surfaces. You must take care to give special focus on the gum line and sensitive areas, as these are places often missed by most.

Additional considerations for sensitive teeth

Further considerations must be taken into account when it comes to individuals with sensitive teeth to prevent further damage. Regular dental check-ups, preferably once every six months, are of extreme importance to prevent long-term damage to teeth. At these appointments, you may receive a professional assessment of tooth sensitivity and therefore customised oral care recommendations from a professional. 

Additionally, dietary habits can have an impact on tooth sensitivity. If you are struggling with sensitive teeth, or simply want to avoid tooth sensitivity, it is recommended that you limit acidic and sugary food and drinks. Other considerations may also be helpful, such as drinking fizzy drinks or juices through straws. Taking dietary habits into consideration is of utmost importance in promoting a tooth-friendly diet.

Summary

The optimal tooth-brushing techniques for sensitive teeth involve the use of an electric toothbrush if possible, the selection of toothpastes with desensitising agents, and the importance of gentle brushing. Regular circular strokes and minimal pressure, alongside a two-minute duration of teeth brushing, may prevent further tooth sensitivity and allow for a more efficient clean. It may be helpful to avoid both abrasive toothpaste ingredients and over-brushing to prevent the wearing of enamel, as this can further contribute to tooth sensitivity. Furthermore, regular dental appointments must be made to receive a professional assessment of tooth sensitivity as well as personalised oral care recommendations from a dental professional. Additionally, the avoidance of acidic and sugary foods and drinks is recommended for the prevention of tooth sensitivity.

To summarise, the exploration of optimal tooth brushing techniques for individuals with sensitive teeth is essential in the prevention of further damage, which can negatively impact an individual’s quality of life. Happy brushing!