Introduction

Definition of molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection that causes pear like small and raised bumps. These appear to be too white but can also match your natural skin colour. The bumps can develop in any part of the body, but are commonly found in the neck, face, legs, arms and genitalia.¹

Understanding Molluscum Contagiosum

Causes of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)

MCV is a virus that is from the poxvirus family and known to cause molluscum contagiosum. When MCV gets in contact with the body, bumps or pus-filled spots start to appear on the skin. These papules can spread to other parts of the body and can be contagious to people around.¹ 

Transmission methods^1,2 

Various ways molluscum contagiosum can affect, including:

• Direct skin-to-skin contact
• Indirect contact through contaminated objects (fomites)
• Sexual contact with an affected partner
• Swimming in pools that are contaminated with the virus
• Scratching the papules worsen the spread to other parts of the skin and body

Risk factors³

One is at risk of having molluscum contagiosum if:

• Age - common in children under 10 years of age
• Weakened immune system
• Participate in contact sports for example, wrestling and football
• Live in warm or humid environments
• Live in a crowded environment
• Have eczema

Diagnosis and treatment options

How is molluscum contagiosum diagnosed?

The doctor will first perform a physical examination and ask you questions to understand the patient’s symptoms more. A medical history and the appearance of the papules will allow the diagnosis. A skin biopsy is used to diagnose the skin condition, where a small sample of the papule is taken and examined under the microscope.^1,4

How is Molluscum Contagiosum treated?^4,5

In most cases, the infection goes away on its own, however, for children and those who are immunocompromised must be treated as it can cause pain and discomfort. The treatment includes:

• Removing papules - either through freezing the papule (cryotherapy), scraping the papule or using laser therapy to remove it
• Oral medication
• Topical ointments

Preventative Measures^1,6

The best method to prevent the infection is by avoiding any type of contact with an affected person. Other ways include:

• Personal hygiene: regularly washing your hands and avoiding sharing personal items like towels and clothing
• Skin care: keep your skin clean and dry and avoid scratching or pricking
• Avoid any type of sexual intercourse with a person suspected of having the infection
•  Environmental hygiene: Avoid communal bathing facilities such as pools and hot tubs and maintain cleanliness around

Summary

Molluscum Contagiosum is a common contagious infection that is caused by a virus and can spread by either direct or indirect contact. To prevent the infection avoid scratching and also direct and indirect contact with anyone who is infected. Frequently sanitise the areas and objects in contact until the infection is treated.