Introduction

Definition of cannabis and its compounds

Cannabis, also known as marijuana, comes from a plant and can not be used as a medical treatment for various conditions, such as depression. The active components of cannabis are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). 

Depression is a common mental health condition that is characterised by low mood and low interest in activities for longer periods.^1,2

Current use in depression treatment 

Currently, in the UK, treatment for depression is the use of antidepressants, but other alternatives are also available, such as:

• Cognitive behavioural therapy
• Counselling
• Exercise
• Self-help groups
• Meditation

Nowadays, cannabis is seen to be treating and help with symptoms caused by depression and other mental health conditions.^2,3

Mechanism of action

The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) is the system that regulates different functions, such as mood, pain, cognition, inflammation and stress. When the ECS is hyperactive, it can contribute to depression. Particular changes in the genes of the CB1 and CB2 receptors are linked with depression. The decrease in the CB1 receptor activity can produce depressive symptoms and stress, so low-dose activation of the receptor can boost the ‘happy’ hormone, serotonin, in the brain.³

Common side effects⁴

With the use of marijuana, there  are also many side effects, including:

• Brain fog
• Decreased attention and problem-solving skills
• Increased anxiety
• Increased mood swings
• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Loss of appetite

Severe side effects^4,5,6

Marijuana is also looked at as a safe drug, but when you have depression, marijuana can also increase the risk of more severe problems, such as:

• Lack of motivation
• Worsening of depression
• Lower chances of seeking help
• Misuse of substances
• Addiction
• Schizophrenia
• Suicidal thoughts

Individual Factors Influencing Side Effects⁵

Many factors can have an effect on the side effects, including:

• Age – side effects are greater in adolescents and young adults
• Genes
• Pre-existing mental health conditions

Regulatory and ethical considerations

Currently, in the UK, the use of marijuana is illegal, but medical marijuana is legal when prescribed by a licensed doctor. 

Conclusion

Cannabis is a plant that can be used to alleviate symptoms of depression and other mental health conditions. However, due to its properties, it can create side effects, such as the worsening of symptoms, low mood, rapid heartbeat and many more. It is important to understand that although it is not legal, medical marijuana can be used, but more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and why it works in some people but not in others.