Introduction

Definition of vertigo

 Vertigo is defined as a false sensation of movement, where you will experience the perception that your environment is rotating. 

Explanation of vertigo during pregnancy

Experiencing vertigo and dizziness during your pregnancy is very common and it is probably one of the main complaints by pregnant women during their first trimester.¹

Causes of vertigo in pregnancy^1,2

There are several causes of vertigo in pregnancy, including:

• Hormonal changes - in pregnancy, your body will experience hormonal surges. These can affect the blood vessels, causing them to dilate, and lowering the blood pressure.
• Changes in blood pressure 
• Inner ear disturbances
• Anaemia
• Dehydration
• Stress and anxiety
• Posture change  

Symptoms of vertigo in pregnancy^1,2

There are several symptoms of vertigo, including:

• Dizziness
• Spinning sensation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of balance
• Sweating
• Migraines

Diagnosis of vertigo in pregnancy 

Medical history

To help you diagnose vertigo, your doctor and the healthcare team will ask you about your medical history, symptoms and the duration of your symptoms. They will also ask you about the history of hypotension/hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, anaemia and if you have problems regarding your eyes.^1,2,3,4

Physical examination

During your physical examination, especially an audiovestibular assessment, which looks at hearing and balancing problems. Blood tests will also be done to examine the mother's overall health and any anomalies with the baby.^1,2,3,4

Management and treatment^1,2,3,4,5

Though there is no cure for vertigo, simple steps can be taken to manage and treat vertigo in pregnancy. But, it is also important to manage the underlying conditions, such as anaemia and hypertension or diabetes. 

Lifestyle changes

Something simple as changing your lifestyle can help to treat and manage vertigo, including:

• Changing your diet - your doctor may refer you to a nutritionist to help you with your diet
• Hydration
• Rest and relaxation techniques - one of the best ways to help you relax is yoga, taking yoga or exercising is beneficial not only for you but also for your child
• Vestibular rehabilitation exercises 

Medications

Your doctor and your healthcare team will know what the best option in terms of treatment is for you. Some of the treatments include:

• Antiemetics - medication for dizziness 
• Vestibular suppressants
• Antihistamines

Complications and risks^1,2,3,4,5

Vertigo can cause complications and risks, especially if you are pregnant, including:

• Impact on daily life
• Risk of injuries and falls
• Anxiety and depression
• Impact on the overall pregnancy 

Prevention strategies^4,5

There are certain steps that you can take to prevent vertigo during your pregnancy. These include:

• Prenatal care - taking prenatal vitamins 
• Hydration 
• Good nutrition
• Exercises to reduce stress
• Regular exercise
• Avoiding triggers - bright lights, sudden movements

When to seek medical help^4,5

If you notice or are unsure about any symptoms and it is making you worried, it is important to reach out for help. Your doctor will be able to help you in any circumstance. So, when should you seek help? :

• Persistent and or severe symptoms
• Symptoms that become worse over time
• Symptoms affecting daily life and activities
• New or concerning symptoms during pregnancy

Conclusion

Vertigo is a common symptom found in pregnant women, however, very little fact is known about how it affects each trimester and what are the potential effects in terms of foetal development. It is important to let your doctor know and seek medical help if any of the symptoms or if there are any changes in your pregnancy. Your doctor will have help for the duration of your pregnancy.