Vulvar dermatitis is a common skin condition related to itchy rash on the vulva. Vulva refers to the folds of skin around the vagina. Vulvar dermatitis generally refers to the painful and uncomfortable dry and itchy rash developed in these folds. When you witness an itchy and dry sensation around the genital areas you may likely have vulvar dermatitis.

Types of Vulvar Dermatitis

There are different types of vulvar dermatitis as follows:

• Atopic dermatitis - Also known as vulvar eczema, caused by a particular or family history of allergies or asthma and, in some cases, due to specific foods or environmental factors¹
• Irritant/allergic contact dermatitis - Occurs due to contact with irritants namely soaps, other particular hygiene products, wipes, deodorants and sweat²
• Systemic contact dermatitis - Occurs due to topical allergen and is described as a cause of genital rash³

Causes of Vulvar Dermatitis

The vulvar skin is always exposed to various physiologic contact aggravations than any other portion of the body and is vulnerable to harm. The causes of vulvar dermatitis are a big list which goes on and on grounded on the nature of exposure. Below mentioned are the most common factors for the cause of vulvar dermatitis.

• Fragrances, medicaments, and preservatives⁴
• Deodorant sanitary napkins⁵
• Fragranced chemicals present in scents, aftershave, cosmetics, toiletries and industrial materials⁶
• Hormonal differences⁷
• Iron deficiency⁸
• Acrylates (synthetic resins)⁹
• Environmental factors similar as tobacco smoke, alcohol, diet, stress, climatic changes, air pollution, radiation exposure and water¹⁰

Symptoms of Vulvar Dermatitis

Generally, the symptoms vary from person to person. The most common symptoms of vulvar dermatitis include:

• Pruritic or painful rash that can be intense and uncomfortable
• Irritation and pain associated with erosions and bullous lesions
• Soreness or a change in the skin colour and texture
• Abnormal patches in the labial folds, the perianal region, and in the gluteal fold
• Burning sensation
• Itchiness, dryness and inflammation
• Unusual vaginal discharge

The symptoms related to the vulvar dermatitis are stressful to the patient. These non-specific symptoms can be caused by multiple etiologies and are frequently multifactorial.¹¹ The symptoms can be controlled by avoiding irritants and maintaining good hygiene by making lifestyle modifications, topical treatments and medications. It is always good to consult a doctor when you identify minor changes and acting promptly will save you from a debilitating experience. Also, cases should be counselled regarding the need for collectively tailored long-term conservation to achieve optimal issues.¹²

Summary

Vulvar dermatitis is a common skin condition related to itchy rash on the vulva. There are different types of vulvar dermatitis namely atopic dermatitis, irritant/allergic contact dermatitis and systemic contact dermatitis. The vulvar dermatitis is commonly caused by the usage of fragrance-induced products, hormonal changes, iron deficiency, acrylates and environmental conditions. The symptoms vary from person to person. The common symptoms include irritating, itchy and painful rash in the genital areas, soreness, redness, burning sensation and unusual vaginal discharge. These symptoms are stressful, but approaching medical advice and treatment on time will help overcome the condition.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What are the alternatives for sanitary pads?

Alternatively, one can use non-fragranced cotton sanitary pads, menstrual cups or tampons. While using sanitary pads ensure it is changed every 4 to 5 hours and the region is clean and dry.

When is the vaginal discharge considered unusual?

Vaginal discharge is usually clear or whitish fluid. When the discharge is chunky, foamy and dark yellow, green, brown or gray colour then it is considered unusual and it is a sign of infection.