Breastfeeding Tips For First Time Moms

Introduction 

Importance of breastfeeding

A crucial aspect of infant care is breastfeeding. It is known as the gold standard for infant nutrition due to the wide range of benefits it offers for both mother and child. Breastfeeding not only provides essential antibodies and nutrients which help to promote growth and development, but it also aids in lowering the risk of chronic disease, infections, and allergies in babies. Additionally, breastfeeding encourages a strong emotional bond between mother and baby. Breastfeeding also provides a range of benefits for first-time mothers including; assisting in weight loss, aiding postpartum recovery and reducing the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancers.¹ Overall, breastfeeding plays a crucial role in ensuring the well-being and health of both mother and baby, making it a valuable practice for first-time mothers. 

Common challenges faced by first-time moms

Whilst breastfeeding has proven to be extremely beneficial, common challenges can arise especially for first-time mothers. Many new mothers may experience issues such as nipple pain or soreness, concerns regarding milk supply, latch difficulties, and engorgement.² Furthermore, some mothers may experience certain emotional challenges, including anxiety or frustration regarding breastfeeding.¹ It is important to note that these difficulties are rather common in first-time mothers and can often be overcome with persistence and guidance from a range of healthcare professionals. 

Preparing for breastfeeding

There are several key recommended steps in preparing for breastfeeding to ensure a fulfilling and successful experience. Firstly, mothers who are expecting can educate themselves regarding specific breastfeeding techniques and may benefit from classes or reliable resources. To enhance comfort for both mother and baby during feeds, it is recommended to create a supportive home environment with breastfeeding supplies as well as a comfortable nursing chair. Additionally, establishing a strong support system of friends and family can aid in providing emotional encouragement and support whilst breastfeeding. Furthermore, it is vital for first-time mothers to stay well-rested as well as ensure proper intake of nutrition and hydration to support milk production and aid in coping with the demands of breastfeeding.³ Finally, it is also recommended to have contact information on hand for healthcare professionals or lactation consultants in case of any challenges that arise whilst breastfeeding. Taking these steps allows expecting mothers to lay the foundations for a successful and positive breastfeeding journey. 

Breastfeeding techniques and positions

Proper latch and positioning

Proper latch and positioning are key aspects to ensure successful breastfeeding. For a good latch, the baby needs to take a sufficient portion of the areola along with the nipple into their mouth, this will ensure efficient milk transfer to the baby as well as minimising nipple pain or damage for the mother. Additionally, the correct positioning of the baby during breastfeeding is equally important.⁴ Common recommended positions include the “football hold”, “cradle hold” and “cross-cradle hold” with each different position offering differences in effectiveness and comfort. Achieving a secure and comfortable position for both mother and baby whilst breastfeeding helps to promote an effective latch, which allows for adequate milk transfer and reduces the risk of injury to the nipple.⁵ If you seek further guidance and support, lactation consultants can offer valuable resources to ensure optimal breastfeeding techniques and positions for you and your baby to promote a successful and positive breastfeeding experience. 

Signs of a good latch

Identifying and recognising the signs of a good latch is also crucial for successful breastfeeding. There are several key indicators for a good latch, firstly the baby’s mouth should be wide open to create a deep latch. The baby’s lips should be turned outward, whilst the baby’s tongue should cover the lower gum. Additionally, the baby’s chin should be touching the breast during feeding, while the nose remains free for easy breathing. During the feeding, the mother should not experience any discomfort or pain but will feel a gentle pulling or tugging sensation, and effective swallowing and sucking sounds should be heard.6 Each of these signs together indicates a good and secure latch, ensuring that the baby receives a good supply of milk whilst minimising pain and discomfort for the mother. 

Different breastfeeding positions

Finding a breastfeeding position that works can not only provide a successful breastfeeding experience but can also offer comfort and flexibility for both mother and baby. Or can change the sentence to; There are various breastfeeding positions. The “football hold” position is highly recommended for mothers who have had twins or a caesarean section in which the baby is positioned alongside the mother’s body with the legs tucked under her arm. The “cradle hold” is a classic position in which the baby’s head is rested in the crook of the mother’s arm. The “cross-cradle hold” is highly recommended for mothers with newborns or those who have smaller breasts, this position is similar to the cradle hold but the opposite hand is used to support the baby’s head. For nighttime feeds as well as relaxation, the “side-lying position” allows the mother to nurse whilst lying down. The last position is known as the “biological nurturing ” or otherwise known as the “laid-back” position which encourages the baby to latch naturally to the mother's breast when placed skin-to-skin on the mother’s chest to promote instinctive breastfeeding.⁵ Choosing the most effective and comfortable breastfeeding position for both mother and baby can promote a successful and positive breastfeeding experience. 

Establishing a breastfeeding routine

Frequency and duration of breastfeeding sessions

A key part of establishing a breastfeeding routine involves finding the correct balance in the frequency and duration of breastfeeding sessions. Newborn babies will need to be fed more frequently (every 2-3 hours), as they can only hold a small amount of milk in their small stomachs. For newborns, these sessions can last anywhere between 10 to 45 minutes depending on the baby’s needs in the first few weeks. Over time babies tend to become more efficient at feeding and as a result will spend less time nursing during each session.⁷ Whilst some mothers may want to adhere to a strict schedule it is important for mothers to respond to their baby’s hunger cues as demand-based feeding will help ensure the baby receives enough nourishment and establishes a strong milk supply in the mother. 

Recognizing hunger cues

To ensure the baby receives an adequate amount of hydration and nourishment, recognising hunger cues is fundamental. Babies will communicate their hunger in small subtle ways, for example making sucking motions, putting their hands to their mouth, turning their head towards the breast, and being more alert. Babies will often cry as a late sign of hunger which can be distressing for both the mother and baby.⁸  Promptly responding to these hunger cues can ensure the baby receives the nourishment they need as well as establish an effective breastfeeding routine.

Breastfeeding on demand vs. schedule

Mothers can establish a breastfeeding routine that can follow a scheduled or an “on-demand” approach. An on-demand breastfeeding routine typically involves feeding the baby when the baby exhibits hunger cues. This approach encourages responsive feeding and ensures the baby receives adequate nourishment. On-demand feeding is typically beneficial for newborns and young infants as it supports milk supply in new mothers. In comparison,  a scheduled approach requires feeding the baby at set intervals; however, this approach is often less flexible but can provide structure and predictability for mothers.⁹ Overall, the choice which breastfeeding approach to use depends on the mother's individual circumstances and preferences and many mothers may use a combination of both approaches as they navigate their breastfeeding journey. 

Overcoming breastfeeding challenges

Engorgement and breast pain

It is rather common to experience certain challenges related to breastfeeding such as engorgement and breast pain. Engorgement is characterised by painful and swollen breasts, this can be managed by effective and frequent pumping or breastfeeding, to ensure the baby empties the breasts. To provide relief, a warm compress can be applied before nursing, as well as a cool compress afterwards. It is crucial to seek guidance from a healthcare professional or a lactation consultant to address breast pain and its underlying cause. There are a range of effective pain management strategies, such as maintaining proper hygiene, adjusting feeding positions and using nipple creams.¹⁰ Professional guidance and early intervention can play a key role in achieving a comfortable and successful breastfeeding journey.

Sore nipples and breastfeeding difficulties

A combination of support and various strategies is often required to overcome breastfeeding challenges such as breastfeeding difficulties and sore nipples. Improper positioning during breastfeeding can cause discomfort, ensuring a correct latch can help to alleviate sore nipples. Additionally, using breast milk or creams allows the nipples to dry and promote healing.¹¹ If persistent issues occur it is crucial to seek advice and support from a lactation consultant or a healthcare professional. Furthermore, breastfeeding difficulties such as difficulty latching or low milk supply, can be alleviated through breast pumping, increased nursing sessions or the use of supplemental nursing systems. Tailored solutions alongside patience and a strong support system are key to overcome the challenges associated with breastfeeding. 

Low milk supply and increasing production

Low milk supply is a common challenge which demands a comprehensive approach. Frequent nursing or pumping to help stimulate milk production and ensuring a proper latch can often improve milk supply. Additionally, mothers should ensure they are staying well-hydrated, managing stress and receiving the right nutrition, as these factors can impact milk supply. Furthermore, breast compressions and power pumping during breastfeeding sessions can further stimulate milk production.¹² A healthcare professional or a lactation consultant’s support and guidance can be crucial in creating an effective strategy to increase milk supply, which is personalised and tailored to each mother's needs and circumstances. 

Taking care of yourself as a breastfeeding mom

Proper nutrition and hydration

During your breastfeeding journey, it is vital to take care of yourself not only for your well-being but your baby’s health as well. Proper hydration and nutrition are crucial components of self-care. A nutrient-rich diet, including fruits and vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins, provides your body with the nutrients and energy required for milk production. Additionally, including foods that are high in calcium such as dairy products can support bone health. It is equally important to stay well-hydrated, as breastfeeding increases your daily water requirements. Ensuring that you are drinking plenty of water and limiting caffeine intake, not only keeps you hydrated but helps to maintain a good milk supply.¹³ Therefore, ensuring proper nutrition and hydration enables you to meet the demands of breastfeeding, and have a successful and comfortable breastfeeding journey. 

Rest and self-care

Prioritising rest and self-care as a breastfeeding mum is essential for your physical and emotional well-being. Seeking assistance from a partner or support network for nighttime feedings is vital for your own overall emotional and physical health. It is equally important to make time for rejuvenation and relaxation to reduce stress and improve your mental health such as taking a warm bath, reading a book or practising mindfulness.¹⁴ It is important to remember that a well-rested mother is better equipped to provide the best care for not only yourself but your baby too. 

Managing stress and seeking support

Seeking support and effectively managing stress are key aspects in taking care of yourself as a breastfeeding mother. High-stress levels can negatively affect not only your mental well-being but can also impact your milk supply. Therefore, it is crucial to utilise stress-reduction techniques such as meditation, gentle exercise or deep breathing. Additionally, seeking support from breastfeeding support groups, friends, and loved ones can provide valuable assistance and emotional support.¹⁴ A less stressed and well-supported mother is better equipped to take on the challenges posed by breastfeeding and can ensure both her baby and her own health and happiness.

Pumping and storing breast milk

Introduction to breast pumps

For breastfeeding mothers who need to be away from their baby for extended periods of time, or those who wish to build a milk reserve pumping and storing breast milk is essential. Breast pumps are essential tools for this purpose and are available in electric or manual options. Manual pumps are suitable for occasional use and are hand-operated, whereas electric pumps can be used for regular pumping. When using a breast pump it is crucial to establish a consistent and comfortable pumping routine that mimics the baby’s nursing pattern. Correct storage of expressed breast milk consists of labelled containers with the date clearly displayed to ensure freshness and safety.¹⁵ Breast pumps should include instructions on sterilising and cleaning the various parts of the pump. Many mothers find using breast pumps is a valuable component of successful breastfeeding as well as aiding in providing their baby with milk even when they can’t be present for every feed. 

Tips for successful pumping

Successful pumping of breast milk requires a few valuable key tips. Firstly, when choosing a breast pump it is important to ensure that you are using a high-quality breast pump that suits your individual needs and preferences. Additionally, maintaining a consistent schedule that reflects your baby’s feeding patterns can further aid in optimal milk production. Pumping in a private and comfortable space can also enhance relaxation and promote milk flow. Furthermore, ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration are crucial in promoting a good milk supply, therefore it is important to eat a balanced diet and stay hydrated. Following pumping, it is important to store the expressed milk in labelled containers and store them in either the refrigerator or freezer.¹⁵ Finally, seeking advice from support groups or a lactation consultant can help address any issues you may face whilst breastfeeding, and can help to make your breastfeeding experience as effective and efficient as possible. 

Proper storage and handling

To maintain the quality and safety of expressed milk, proper handling and storage of breast milk is crucial. It is advised that after pumping, breast milk should be stored in a labelled container with the date to ensure you use the oldest milk first. Expressed breast milk can either be stored in the refrigerator for up to four days, in the freezer for up to six months or at room temperature for up to four hours. To help minimise waste it is best to store breast milk in small quantities such as 2-4 ounces. To defrost frozen breast milk, place it under warm running water or in the refrigerator overnight. Before feeding, gently swirl the milk to mix the various layers of fat, avoid shaking it as this can break down the beneficial components in the milk.¹⁶ By following these guidelines you can ensure that your expressed breast milk remains nutritious and safe for your baby. 

Weaning from breastfeeding

Signs of readiness for weaning

Weaning away from breastfeeding is a significant transition, and identifying and recognising these signs will ensure an effective transition. These signs often include your baby showing less interest in nursing, being easily distracted during feeds and becoming more curious about solid foods. Additionally, your baby may start sleeping through the night and are often content with a cup or a bottle.¹⁷ Furthermore, if you as a mother are ready to stop breastfeeding for either health or personal reasons, this is also a valid sign of readiness for weaning. It is essential to remember that weaning from breast milk should be a gradual process to allow you and your baby to have time to adjust. During this transition, consulting with a healthcare professional to provide guidance and ensure your baby continues to receive proper nutrition can be valuable. 

Gradual weaning techniques

Often the most effective and gentle approach for both mother and baby is gradual weaning from breastfeeding. To allow your baby to adapt, start by replacing one nursing session with a bottle or cup of either expressed breast milk or formula. As time progresses, start to replace additional nursing sessions with alternative feeding methods over a period of either weeks or months. To promote and further deepen your bond with your baby whilst weaning, engage in skin-to-skin contact and cuddles to provide comfort and reassurance.¹⁸ Sensitivity and patience are vital during gradual weaning and can ensure a smooth transition for you and your baby. 

Emotional aspects of weaning

The emotional aspects of weaning from breastfeeding can be significant for both mother and baby. For the mother, weaning can produce feelings of guilt, relief or sadness depending on individual circumstances. On the baby’s side, breastfeeding not only provides nourishment but also promotes a strong bond with their mother, therefore it is common for babies to experience a mix of strong emotions during this transition such as frustration, confusion and the need for comfort.¹⁷ It is vital to approach weaning with sensitivity as each mother and child may react to this transition differently. Providing reassurance, comfort and extra cuddles can help to ease the emotional aspects of weaning, and can further deepen the connection between mother and child as breastfeeding comes to an end. 

Summary

Breastfeeding is a rewarding experience creating a deeper bond between you and your baby, yet it can often be a challenging experience for first-time mothers. To ensure a successful breastfeeding experience, it is crucial to ensure a proper latch, which not only minimises discomfort but ensures your baby receives enough milk. Additionally, exploring different breastfeeding positions as well as feeding on demand can help to establish a strong milk supply and ensure that your baby receives the nourishment and nutrition they need.  Furthermore, maintaining a well-balanced diet and staying well-hydrated further supports milk production. If any challenges regarding breastfeeding persist it is important to reach out to a lactation consultant or support group to seek guidance and address any issues promptly. It is also important to remember that breastfeeding is a learning process, try to be patient with yourself and remember it is okay to ask for help as you and your baby adapt to this new experience.